# use a virtual environment to store our packages to avoid polluting our global scope with unecessary packages
pip install virtualenv
mkdir helloenv
cd helloenv
# for Linux: create the environment
virtualenv -p /usr/local/bin/python3 env
# for windows anaconda python installation path
# virtualenv -p C:/ProgramData/Anaconda3/python.exe env
# folder structure
helloenv
├── env
# activate enviroment
source env/bin/activate
# for windows
# env\\Scripts\\activate
# will see a prompt with the environment name
(env)# install django
pip install django
# create skeleton web project
django-admin startproject helloweb
# folder structure
helloweb
├─helloweb
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── settings.py
│ ├── urls.py
│ └── wsgi.py
└── manage.py# create a Django app howdy
cd helloweb
python manage.py startapp howdy
helloweb
├── helloweb
│ ├── ...
├── howdy
│ ├── ...
└── manage.py
# add the Django app into web project by change setting.py
# helloweb/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'howdy'
]
# run server then Go to your browser and access http://127.0.0.1:8000/
python manage.py runserver
# migrate the initial database schema to our SQLite database using the management script
# it changes our database schema (model) without having to lose any data
python manage.py migrate # need to stop server first
# Create an administrative user for the project if it is needed
# after run python manage.py migrate
python manage.py createsuperuser# access our howdy app when someone goes to the home page URL by updating urls.py
# helloweb/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import include
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^', include('howdy.urls')),
]fixes the missing url definitions in the howdy app
# create new urls.py file inside the howdy app
# howdy/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from howdy import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', views.HomePageView.as_view()), # expects a view called HomePageView to be defined.
]define HomePageView inside the views.py
# howdy/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.generic import TemplateView
# Create your views here.
class HomePageView(TemplateView):
def get(self, request, **kwargs):
return render(request, 'index.html', context=None)
# This file defines a view called HomePageView. Django views take in a request and return a response. In our case, the method get expects a HTTP GET request to the url defined in our urls.py file. On a side note, we could rename our method to post to handle HTTP POST requests.create index.html inside the templates
cd howdy
mkdir templates<!-- howdy/templates/index.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Howdy!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Howdy! I am Learning Django!</h1>
</body>
</html>create about.html inside the templates
<!-- howdy/templates/about.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Howdy!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to the about page</h1>
<p>... </p>
<a href="/">Go back home</a>
</body>
</html>edit index.html to link to the about.html
<!-- howdy/templates/index.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Howdy!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Howdy! I am Learning Django!</h1>
<a href="/about/">About Me</a>
</body>
</html>Clicking on the About me link won’t work quite yet because our app doesn’t have a /about/ url defined. edit the urls.py file in our howdy app to add it.
from howdy import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^', include('howdy.urls')),
url(r'^about/$', views.AboutPageView.as_view()), # Add this /about/ route
]updating views.py
class HomePageView(TemplateView):
def get(self, request, **kwargs):
return render(request, 'index.html', context=None)
# Add this view
class AboutPageView(TemplateView):
template_name = "about.html"
# Notice that the second view did not define a get method. This is just another way of using the TemplateView class. If you set the template_name attribute, a get request to that view will automatically use the defined template. reference : https://scotch.io/tutorials/build-your-first-python-and-django-application#comments-section
Django project named “mysite”. This is the main folder which contains manage.py, settings.py, etc. create two files
$ cd /path/to/mysite
$ vi .project
$ vi .pydevprojectinside .project file
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<projectDescription>
<name>mysite</name>
<comment></comment>
<projects>
</projects>
<buildSpec>
<buildCommand>
<name>org.python.pydev.PyDevBuilder</name>
<arguments>
</arguments>
</buildCommand>
</buildSpec>
<natures>
<nature>org.python.pydev.pythonNature</nature>
<nature>org.python.pydev.django.djangoNature</nature>
</natures>
</projectDescription>inside .pydevproject file
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<?eclipse-pydev version="1.0"?><pydev_project>
<pydev_property name="org.python.pydev.PYTHON_PROJECT_INTERPRETER">Default</pydev_property>
<pydev_property name="org.python.pydev.PYTHON_PROJECT_VERSION">python 3.6</pydev_property>
<pydev_variables_property name="org.python.pydev.PROJECT_VARIABLE_SUBSTITUTION">
<key>DJANGO_MANAGE_LOCATION</key>
<value>mysite/manage.py</value>
</pydev_variables_property>
</pydev_project>Now open Eclipse and choose “File > Import”. Navigate to “mysite” and choose that as your location
reference: https://prateekvjoshi.com/2013/04/01/how-to-convert-an-existing-django-project-to-eclipse-project/
include new dependencies from virtual environment for Pydev Window > preference > Pydev > interpreter python > include the site-packages folder of virtualenv folder in system PYTHONPATH (buttom of GUI)
{% raw %} this is to avoid {% %} tags causing github build failure
from django.utils import timezone
class Post(models.Model): # Post inheritance from Model
author = models.ForeignKey('auth.User')
title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
text = models.TextField()
created_date = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
published_date = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, null=True)
def publish(self):
self.published_date = timezone.now()
self.save()
def __str__(self):
return self.title
# create a form for our Post model.
# with Django forms, we can either define one from scratch or create a ModelForm which will save the result of the form to the model.from django import forms
from .models import Post
class PostForm(forms.ModelForm): # create a Form class from a Django model.
class Meta: #model should be used to create this form (model = Post).
model = Post
fields = ('title', 'text',)add new model to database
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
from .form import PostForm
from django.utils import timezone
from django.shortcuts import redirect
def post_new(request):
if request.method == "POST":
# construct the PostForm with data from the form
form = PostForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
post = form.save(commit=False)
post.author = request.user
post.published_date = timezone.now()
post.save()
return redirect('post_detail', pk=post.pk)
else:
form = PostForm()
return render(request, 'post_edit.html', {'form': form})
from .models import Post
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
def post_detail(request, pk):
post = get_object_or_404(Post, pk=pk)
return render(request, 'post_detail.html', {'post': post})
def post_edit(request, pk):
post = get_object_or_404(Post, pk=pk)
if request.method == "POST":
form = PostForm(request.POST, instance=post)
if form.is_valid():
post = form.save(commit=False)
post.author = request.user
post.published_date = timezone.now()
post.save()
return redirect('post_detail', pk=post.pk)
else:
form = PostForm(instance=post)
return render(request, 'post_edit.html', {'form': form})from django.conf.urls import url
from howdy import views
from django.conf.urls import include
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^post/new/$', views.post_new, name='post_new'),
url(r'^post/(?P<pk>\d+)/edit/$', views.post_edit, name='post_edit'),
url(r'^post/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.post_detail, name='post_detail'),
]
# (?P<pk>\d+) means Django will take all digits that you place here and transfer it to a view as a variable called pk<html>
{% xxy %}
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
</head>
<body>
{% block content %}
{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
<a href="{% url 'post_new' %}">post new</a>
{% endblock %}{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
<div class="post">
{% if post.published_date %}
<div class="date">
{{ post.published_date }}
</div>
{% endif %}
<a href="{% url 'post_edit' pk=post.pk %}">edit</a>
<h1>{{ post.title }}</h1>
<p>{{ post.text|linebreaksbr }}</p>
</div>
{% endblock %}{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
<h1>New post</h1>
<form method="POST" class="post-form">{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<button type="submit" class="save btn btn-default">Save</button>
</form>
{% endblock %}{% endraw %}
reference: https://tutorial.djangogirls.org/en/django_models/